Permeability coefficient is an important indicator of surface wettability and permeability, which influenced by the surface roughness. In this paper, bamboo and fir veneer as raw material, the contact angle of phenolic resin adhesives in different surface roughness of outer cuticle of bamboo, inner skin of bamboo, tight side of Chinese fir veneer and loose side of Chinese fir veneer were measured, and then use the software Spass non-linear fitting for permeability coefficient, and analysis of variance of the results by SAS software. The results show that permeability coefficient of four different kinds of surface variance analysis models are significantly, permeability coefficient of fir veneer is larger than bamboo surface; permeability coefficient of tight side of fir veneer is larger than loose side; permeability coefficient of inner skin of bamboo is larger than outer cuticle of bamboo. Permeability coefficients decrease first and then increased when mesh sandpaper increasing.